People familiar with the term disability or disabilities as a person with a disability. This
is what we mean by naked make persons with disabilities as individuals
who have lost a member or structure of the body such as the feet /
hands, crippled, blind, deaf, and so on. Thus disability is identified with a visible disability. Restrictions meaning of disability with a disability that causes
undercoverage, so the disability data collection refers to the concept
of disability will generate data that underestimate.
In
the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in
2007 in New York, United States, countries in the world have agreed that
persons with disabilities are people who have physical limitations,
mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in the long term in
interacting with environment may encounter obstacles that make it difficult to participate fully and effectively. Emphasis meaning of disability in this concept is the existence of
long-lasting dysfunction and lead to limited participation in society.
Identification of Persons with Disabilities
By
looking at the above CRPD deal now if when seeing people with a
complete physical instantly we categorize as NOT a disability? The
answer is certainly NOT, because of disability can not be ascertained
with what is seen, but is determined by what we observe. Each person can have more than one type of disturbance. Therefore,
we ask each one does have impaired vision, hearing, mobility / move the
legs or arms, remembering and concentrating, behavior and emotions,
communication, and take care of themselves. Especially for children add related questions in play and learning disorders. Children experience
disruption if they experienced an unusual incident experienced by the
child's age, such as children who are invisible to the eye look like
other children the same age but in fact autism or hyperactivity.
Disability in Survey Data Collection Instrument
In 2001 in Washington, United States, countries in the world,
represented by the agency / ministry that handles statistical data
collection instrument agreed a disability that results can be compared
across countries or commonly known as
instruments recommendation Washington Group (WG). Questions prepared by the household approach and ask any kind of disturbance experienced. Answers are provided
in the form of gradation according to the level of interference
experienced by respondents little / much / total or no difficulty.
Implementation of Data Collection and Publication of Special Disability
There are still a few countries that held special survey and publish disabilities specifically. Indonesia,
in this case the BPS, in fact since 1980 has been concerned with the
data disabilities by including disability questions in the census or
survey, such as the Population Census, National Socioeconomic Survey
Module Culture and Education, Potential Village, and Data Collection
Program of Social Protection. However
the use of census or survey concept definitions, the form of questions
and answers, as well as the scope of the question types is not fully in
accordance with the mandate of the CRPD and WG recommendations. Until
finally in June 2013 to May 2014, BPS is supported by UNFPA-WHO-UNICEF,
with the involvement of relevant ministries / agencies, research
scientists, and DPOs have developed instruments that refer disability WG
recommendations. Results instrument has also been launched on May 7, 2014 in a ceremony launching of Instrument for Disability Survey.
With
the theme "Making Their Hidden Situation, unhidden" meaningful
launching this instrument to provide equality and equality as a human
right in the development process. The
instrument consists of three types, namely household, individual adults
(18 years and over), and the individual child (2-17 years). Questions individual instruments include the identification of disability. The question is even more profound: when experiencing disability,
causes of disability, the tools used, accessibility to public
facilities, education,
work, and politics.
Record
on disability must have its own uniqueness, the officer will have to be
equipped with a material increase sensitivity to disability to be more
empathetic. Officers must know how to recognize the characteristics, needs, and
obstacles in the lives of persons with disabilities. Instruments
have been prepared, the government was aware of the importance of data
disabilities in development, and the rights of persons with disabilities
waiting fulfilled. Then this data must be realized through a special survey of disability.
